4)Case based OSCE along with BLOOM’S learning levels Achieved 



It all started when I was asked to send for the investigations of a 35 year old female who was taken over from the department of Dermatoloy on my OP day. I reluctantly went up as I was already on a roll with the 36hr shifts I had to take. But then as I went to the patient I was filled with compassion for that Thin and undernourished patient who was going through a lot!!

 A 35 year old female presented with C/o painful skin lesions over arms, legs, back since 2 months

-C/o Fever and Burning Micturition since 4 days

HOPI-

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 2 months back then she developed painful skin lesions over arms, legs, back. The lesions were sudden in onset, gradually progressive, with no aggravating and relieving factors.

H/o vesicles associated with pus discharge +

H/o fever since 4 days, not associated with chills and rigors, no diurnal variation, relieves with medication.

H/o burning micturition since 4 days. No increased frequency/urgency/hesitancy/decreased Urine output

No C/o SOB/Palpitations/Orthopnea/PND

Past History

The patient has H/o deformities of toes and fingers16 years back

No known comorbidities

Personal History and Daily Routine

Appetite- Decreased 

Diet- Mixed 

Sleep- Adequate

Bowel and Bladder- Regular (Associated with Burning Micturition 4 days back)

No Addictions

The Patient is a Daily wage worker. She is a mother to 3 kids. 

Before the illness she used to wake up around 6am in the morning, and then she gets engaged with household works. She has her breakfast around 8am and then goes for work. She has her lunch at 1pm and then continues her work. She comes home by 6 pm in the evening, has her dinner around 8pm and goes to sleep by 10pm.

General Examination 

Patient is Conscious, Coherent, Cooperative 

Pallor+

No signs of Icterus, Cyanosis, Clubbing, Lymphadenopathy, Pedal Edema

Vitals:-

Temp- Afebrile

PR-120bpm

RR-18cpm

BP-70/60 mmhg

Systemic Examination

CVS: S1S2 +, 

No murmurs

RS: B/LAE +, NVBS

P/A: Soft,NT

CNS: NFND

O/E of skin multiple poly sized ulcers noted over B/L hands, elbows, lower limbs, dorsum of foot 

Clinical Images








Radiological Findings:


USG-


Internal echoes noted in Urinary Bladder
?Cystitis

Provisional Diagnosis
IDA secondary to Rheumatoid Arthritis 
?Pyoderma Gangrenosum
?Cystitis 

Investigations:

-Haemogram

Hb- 4.5

TLC- 2500

RBC-2.17

PLT- 4.10

-CRP : Positive

-CUE

Alb- +

Sugars- Nil

Pus cells- Plenty

RBC- 20-25 cells/HPF

-RFT

Urea-37

S.Creat-1.1

S.Na- 137

S.K- 3.3

S.Cl -97

-RA Factor : Positive


Inference

The Inference is that

Leukocytes +++

Nitrites : Positive 

Urobilinogen : Normal

Proteins : ++

pH  around : 6.5

Blood in urine : ? Hemolysed trace

Sp Gravity : 1.030

Negative for ketones, Bilirubin and glucose in Urine


TREATMENT

1. Tab. Nitrofurantoin 100mg PO/BD

2. Tab. Pantop 40 mg PO/OD

3. Tab. PCM 650mg PO/SOS

4. Syp Potchlor ml in 1 glass of water PO/TID

5. Fudic cream LA/BO

6. Inj. KCl 1 Amp in 500 ml NS over 4-6 hrs IV/STAT 

7. Tab. Orofer XT PO/OD

8. Tab. Limcee PO/OD

One Transfusion of FFP was done.

Levels of Blooms:

Level 1:Remembering 

It’s all about recollecting and remembering the history of the patient.

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 2 months back then she developed painful skin lesions over arms, legs, back. The lesions were sudden in onset, gradually progressive, with no aggravating and relieving factors.

H/o vesicles

H/o pus discharge

H/o fever since 4 days, not associated with chills and rigors, no diurnal variation, relieves with medication.

H/o burning micturition since 4 days. No increased frequency/urgency/hesitancy/decreased Urine output

Past History

The patient has H/o deformities of toes and fingers16 years back

N/k/c/o DM, HTN, Epilepsy, Asthma, TB

Further adding to the Patient's history-

A small note on the psychological aspects of the patient.

I find the woman to be brave. Despite all the odds (deformities in her toes and fingers) she was still continuing her work. And she was providing for her family which shows that she is responsible, which fascinated me. But looking into her personal history the patient was depressed and had an inferior feeling due to her chronic illness. And these psychological aspects and stressors would’ve contributed to her illness further.

Level 2:

Understanding:

It is all about understanding the disease pattern , it’s pathology and its associations.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum is very much associated with systemic disorders like Rheumatoid Arthritis. 


Level 3:

Application:

It is applying the level 1 and 2 knowledge so as to provide a holistic approach of treatment to the patient.

Further investigations can be done so as to know the cause of Anaemia 

Serum ferritin was done 

Due to lack of resources marrow iron stains couldn’t be done as it would have been more specific.

Level 4:

Analysis:

How sensitive and specific is RF in detecting RA?

RF testing in RA patientsv has a sensitivity of 60% to 90% and a specificity of 85%.

What is the role of RF in RA?


What are the various associations of Pyoderma Gangrenosum?
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is associated with systemic disease, mostly rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in many patients (more than 50%).

Level 5

Evaluation

List of problems-

-Anemia 

-Pyoderma Gangrenosum

-Rheumatoid Arthritis 

OPD Case:

A 36 year old male patient came to OPD with chief complaints of left shoulder pain radiating to the arm since one day

HOPI:

The patient was apparently asymptomatic one day ago and then he developed pain over left shoulder which is insidious in onset and gradually progressive
Aggravated on activity (lifting weights) and Relieved with rest.
No h/o fever, cough, chest pain, sob
No h/o sweating, palpitations
No h/o of UTI, loose stools, vomiting

Past history: N/k/c/o of DM, HTN, TB, Epilepsy, CAD, CVA He is a Known case of gastritis since 4 months(and he was o Rabeprazole- 40mg o/d before meal
Pancreatin and dimethicone- 80mg o/d after lunch )

Personal history -
Appetite -Decreased

Diet- mixed

Sleep- Disturbed

Bowel and bladder movements - normal and regular

Addictions- Consumes alcohol (once a week- 180 ml -since one year)

Daily routine: 
He wakes up around 6:00 am. He is a business mam and he works from 9 Am till 9 pm. He goes to his home some time around 9:30 pm and sleeps by 10.

General examination: 
Patient is c/c/c
Moderately built and nourished
Pallor+
Iceterus+
No signs of cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy and pedal edema
Vitals:
Bp- 140/100 mmHg 
Pr- 92 bpm rrnv
Rr- 18 cpm
Temperature - afebrile
CVS: S1,S2 +; No Murmurs
RS: BAE+, NVBS
P/A: Soft, Non Tender
CNS: NFND

OPD case 2:
A 60 year old male presented to the OPD with 
C/o Fever since 15 days,
Loss of appetite since 15 days
Pain over abdomen since 10 days

HOPI:

The patient was apparently alright 15 days back then he developed high grade Fever which was insidious in onset, intermittent, associated with chills and rigors and loss of appetite.

Pain over the right hypochondrium, intermittent and dragging type of pain, non radiating.

Past History:
N/k/c/o DM, HTN, Epilepsy, Asthma, CAD, CVA, TB, Thyroid disorders.

Personal History:
Decreased Appetite 
Mixed Diet
Adequate Sleep
Regular Bowel and Bladder Movements 
Alcoholic since 8 years, 90ml / day

Daily Routine:
The Patient is a Shepherd mam. He wakes up around 6am, has his breakfast around 8am then he goes for his work around 11am has his lunch around 1pm. He comes home by 8pm and then sleeps by 10 pm. 

O/E:
Pt is C/C/C
Well oriented to time,place and person.
Icterus +
No signs of Pallor, Cyanosis, Clubbing, Lymphadenopathy, B/L Pedal Edema.
Vitals-
Temp: 100F
BP: 120/70
PR: 88
RR:20
P/A- Soft, Tenderness noted in the right hypochondrium. No Organomegaly
CVS- S1S2 +, no murmurs
CNS- NFND
RS- BLAE+





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